Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Betulin, a Newly Characterized Compound in Acacia auriculiformis Bark, Is a Multi-Target Protein Kinase Inhibitor

doi: 10.3390/molecules26154599

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro effects of betulin on the viability of K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBLs). ( a ) The viability of K562S and K562R CML cell lines, which are respectively sensitive (S) and resistant (R) to treatment with doxorubicin, was studied with the MTS assay. Cell viability was measured after 48 h exposure to increasing doses of betulin. The IC 50 values were determined from the dose-response curves using GraphPad PRISM Software. Data are given as mean ± SD (n = 3) expressed in % of maximal viability (normal cells treated with the identical quantity of vehicle, DMSO, only). ( b ) The viability of K562S and K562R CML cell lines was measured after 48 h exposure to 0.1 or 1 µM of imatinib mesylate. Data are provided as mean ± SD (n = 3) expressed in % of maximal viability (relative to DMSO control, as in ( a )). ( c ) Cell viability 48 h after treatment with increasing concentrations of betulin (0.02– 100 µM), measured with MTS assay, showing the toxicity of betulin towards human PBL. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (N = 4, n = 3).

Article Snippet: K562 (ATCC ® , CCL-243, described here as K562S to indicate sensitivity to doxorubicin), a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, MTS Assay, Software, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Loss of Mll3 Catalytic Function Promotes Aberrant Myelopoiesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162515

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shown is A , the total number of BM cells, and the percentages of B , B cells and C , Gr1 + Mac1 + myeloid cells, where each point on the graph represents one mouse. Values in panels B and C are expressed as percentages of total cells. D , Representative H&E stains from one individual Mll3 +/+ and Mll3 Δ/Δ mouse of sternum sections taken at 400X magnification. Images depict the entire field of view (top panels) and a zoomed-in view (bottom panels). Scale bars are 50μm. E-I , Similar to panels B and C , except that the percentages of LSK cells, CLP, CMP, MEP, and GMP are shown, respectively. B, C, I , *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005 as determined by the Student’s t -test. G , *p<0.05 as determined by the Mann-Whitney test.

Article Snippet: Control (reference clone) and MLL3 -targeted clones of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line KBM7, engineered via a gene-trap system, were purchased from Haplogen (Vienna, Austria) [ ].

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Loss of Mll3 Catalytic Function Promotes Aberrant Myelopoiesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162515

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absolute gene expression profiling adapted from Gene Expression Commons evaluating Mll3 expression across 39 different hematopoietic cell populations in the mouse BM, spleen, and thymus. Shown are the normalized values of Mll3 expression activity for several cell populations from 2–4 biological replicates. Positive values indicate high Mll3 expression compared to the common reference, and negative values denote relatively low Mll3 expression in comparison to the common reference. Error bars represent mean + SD. HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; Gra, granulocyte; Fr, fraction; Mz, marginal zone; Fo, follicular.

Article Snippet: Control (reference clone) and MLL3 -targeted clones of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line KBM7, engineered via a gene-trap system, were purchased from Haplogen (Vienna, Austria) [ ].

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Activity Assay, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Loss of Mll3 Catalytic Function Promotes Aberrant Myelopoiesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162515

Figure Lengend Snippet: The percentage of total cells (top) and absolute number (bottom) of A , B cells, B , T cells, and C , Gr1 + Mac1 + myeloid cells is shown, where each point represents one mouse. D , Representative H&E stains of spleen sections (50X magnification, top panels; 400X magnification, middle panels) from one individual Mll3 +/+ and Mll3 Δ/Δ mouse. Images in the bottom panels are zoomed-in views of the middle panels. Scale bars are 500μm (top panels) and 50μm (middle panels). E , Quantification of splenic follicle size. Each point on the graph represents the average follicle size (black, ≥10 follicles measured; red, <10 follicles measured) for one mouse. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as determined by the Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Control (reference clone) and MLL3 -targeted clones of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line KBM7, engineered via a gene-trap system, were purchased from Haplogen (Vienna, Austria) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Loss of Mll3 Catalytic Function Promotes Aberrant Myelopoiesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162515

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shown is the percentage of total cells (top) and absolute number (bottom) of A , B cells, B , T cells, and C , Gr1 + Mac1 + myeloid cells. D , Similar to panels A-C , except the total numbers of CD4 + (left) and CD8 + (right) T cells are shown. Each point represents one mouse. B-C , *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 as determined by the Student’s t -test. D , *p<0.05, **p<0.005 as determined by the Mann-Whitney test. E , Representative H&E stains (top panels) and IHC for CD3 (bottom panels) from two individual Mll3 +/+ and Mll3 Δ/Δ mice of LN sections taken at 50X magnification. Scale bars are 500μm.

Article Snippet: Control (reference clone) and MLL3 -targeted clones of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line KBM7, engineered via a gene-trap system, were purchased from Haplogen (Vienna, Austria) [ ].

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Loss of Mll3 Catalytic Function Promotes Aberrant Myelopoiesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162515

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Relative MLL3 expression in human KBM7 cells as determined by qPCR. TaqMan probes (indicated in red) recognized exon junctions before (exons 18–19) and after (exons 39–40 and 55–56) the gene-trap (exon 38), indicated in green. B , Relative adhesion of KBM7 cells to fibronectin as measured in fluorescence units. Shown is the average of technical replicates from four individual experiments + SEM. C , The number of KBM7 cells that migrated across a trans-well membrane in response to FBS after 24h. Data are the combination of technical replicates from four individual experiments + SD. Ref, control gene-trap; MLL3, MLL3 -targeted gene-trap. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as determined by the Mann-Whitney test.

Article Snippet: Control (reference clone) and MLL3 -targeted clones of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line KBM7, engineered via a gene-trap system, were purchased from Haplogen (Vienna, Austria) [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Membrane, Control, MANN-WHITNEY